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Cosmopolitan Routes. Latin American Art in the 20th and 21st Century.
COLUMN/COLUMNA

Cosmopolitan Routes. Latin American Art in the 20th and 21st Century.

Arte latinoamericano de los siglos XX y XXI. Una conversación con Gilbert Vicario

Rose Mary Salum

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The MFAH presents the first in a series of exhibitions celebrating the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the museum´s Latin American art department and International Center for the Arts of the Americas (ICAA). Cosmopolitan Routes: Houston Collects Latin American Art comprises more than 100 masterworks on loan from private holdings in Houston and Latin America, including paintings, works on paper, photography, sculpture, assemblage, installations, and video projections. Among the many artists represented are Antonio Berni, Gego, Frida Kahlo, Francisco Matto, Hélio Oiticica, Diego Rivera, Joaquín Torres-García and Liliana Porter. 

Literal had a conversation with the curator Gilbert Vicario, also the appointed curator of the Des Moines Art Center in August 2009. He has directed an array of exhibitions: Chen Zhen: Inner Body Landscapes (2002), Made in Mexico (2004), and many others. Recent publications include Daniel Joseph Martinez: A Life of Disobedience (2009), with Hakim Bey, David Levi-Strauss and Arthur C. Danto.

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Rose Mary Salum: You were commissioned to curate an unprecedented exhibition at the MFAH: Cosmopolitan Routes: Houston Collects Latin American Art. What is the purpose/nature of an exhibit like this one?

Gilbert Vicario: Two months after leaving the Museum of Fine Arts, Houston Mari Carmen Ramirez proposed the idea of me guest curating an exhibition that would celebrate the important role played by the Maecenas, the friends of the Latin American art department who have supported the institution over the last ten years. By highlighting the collecting activities of these individuals, the MFAH pays tribute to this collecting community, which now extends well beyond the geographic parameters of Houston into places such as Scottsdale, AZ, Carmel, CA, Chicago, IL, Miami, Fl, Buenos Aires, Argentina, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Madrid, Spain, to name a few. Because of this I decided to title the exhibition, Cosmopolitan Routes: Houston Collects Latin American Art, which privileges the fact that Latin American artists, like collectors, create work in Latin America, Europe, and the United States.

RMS: What is the main criterion when choosing the artists and why?

GV: The main criterion in selecting art and artists is quality and relevance. I had a great challenge ahead of me because there was so much good work out there. Our collectors have been doing an incredible job buying Latin American art and have bought work that not only reflects the exhibitions and programs of the MFAH, but they have also taken great risks in exploring particular areas, perhaps specific to a Latin American country, or have focused more on emerging artists, which has enabled them to create strong and uniquely singular collections. My challenge has been to present a broad yet historically accurate portrait of Latin American art in the 20th and 21st century. In other words, one that reaches back into early modernism, but that acknowledges what is happening at the present time. This is diffi cult to do given the impossibility of covering every movement or time period. The subjectivity of curating, however, allows me to place my own emphasis on certain areas while pulling away slightly from other areas. Ultimately, it was important to acknowledge what art already exists in the community and to construct an interesting narrative out of that. Of course, as a curator, I would like to have seen more examples of art from certain periods but that is ultimately a difficult thing to control. I think it is more important to see this type of exhibition as a thumbprint. One that asserts itself through a highly unique set of biometric characteristics, yet which also maintains a certain degree of relational familiarity with what is out in the world.

RMS: Could you elaborate on how the artists chosen became a part of this exhibit?

GV: Cosmopolitan Routes grew out of an intensive series of collection visits that were coordinated by Elizabeth Cerejido, assistant curator of Latin American art at the MFAH. During the course of three months we visited with collectors, took pictures, made notes and  began to organize piles and piles of materials. This type of field research was critical in establishing a foundation upon which to work on. It was also exciting to see how collectors choose to live with work, and it really gave us great insight into the profound level of intellectual curiosity and substance found in Houston. Like any type of field research or exercise in social anthropology, which I minored in college, patterns of consumption and behavior dictated the types of work collected. Great attention has been placed on watershed exhibitions like Inverted Utopias, which forever changed the perceptions of Latin American art, and collectors have been actively in pursuit of masterpieces by School of South artists such as Joaquin Torres García, Julio Alpuy, Gonzalo Fonseca, and Francisco Matto. Helio Oiticica, an artist who was almost unheard of when Mari Carmen Ramírez organized his exhibition in 2006—and whose name people still find difficult to pronounce—was immediately embraced by the collecting community, who knew they would be ahead of the curve. Important work by early modernists such as a cubist painting by Diego Rivera, or the Argentinean Emilio Pettoruti, are fundamental to the  scope of the exhibition and fortunately were available, along with one of the best paintings by Frida Kahlo. It was also extremely important to include contemporary artists because of the simple fact that the field of Latin American art is not just an exercise in archaeology, but in fact a practice whose relevance continues to shape and critique the way we view contemporary culture.

RMS: Could you talk about the influences that the artists exhibited have had?

GV: Well, as I alluded to earlier, none of these artists, whether early modernist or contemporary, work in a bubble. All of these artists have been engaged with the world around them and have actively sought to connect with artists working in other parts of the world. Most of the early modernists were intimately aware of the artistic movements unfolding in Europe and were in fact students in Madrid, Paris, and other centers of artistic discourse at the time. Travel has always been an important component of an artist’s education, and many have spent significant time in Europe and the United States. It is also important to note that Latin American has also been shaped to a certain extent by foreign artists who took up residence in Latin American countries such as Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina, to name a few. Many of them contributed significantly to the development of modernism in these respective countries. I’m thinking of Matthias Goeritz in Mexico, Gego in Venezuela, or Samson Flexor in Brazil, to name a few. You could say that synthetic cubism played a signifi cant role for many artists, such as the work of Georges Braque and Juan Gris. European constructivism, the work of Kazimir Malévich, Piet Mondrian and others had a profound effect on South American abstraction. While in contemporary art many factors have infl uenced artists, including the history of conceptual art, psychoanalysis, philosophy, history and literary criticism. These have all played a role in shaping a global conversation between artists both in and out of Latin America.

RMS: How do these kinds of activities enrich the art world?

GV: I believe in the interconnectedness of our lives and our culture, and nobody exists in a one-dimensional sphere. I think there is still a little hesitation in approaching Latin America because it seems that it is something that lives in the past as a monolithic construction. In recent years, more attention has been placed in the emerging art coming out of countries in Asia, due in part to market speculations and because of recent political events that have enabled greater communication within the language of art. Latin America art stands out as a singular case study of modernism though, with the longest and most complex history of European colonialism, continuously evolving, changing, and growing. We know more of the art produced by Latin Americans in the last 10 years than we ever have, and Houston has played a leading role in making this happen.

YoDeltaRose Mary Salum is the founder and director of Literal, Latin American Voices. She´s the author of Delta de las arenas, cuentos árabes, cuentos judíos (Literal Publishing, 2013) among other titles.

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